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(Scroll down for the ~기 grammar lesson.)
Learn Korean through the Focus Korean System, a structured curriculum developed by Suebeet Kim and refined through nearly 20 years of teaching experience.
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Changing Verbs to Nouns with ~기
In Korean, you can turn a verb into a noun by attaching ~기 to the verb stem. This is similar to adding “-ing” to a verb in English, turning “run” into “running” or “read” into “reading.” It allows the action to function like a noun — the subject or object of a sentence.
✅ How to Form
- Take the verb stem (remove 다).
- Add 기.
Examples:
- 가다 → 가기 (going)
- 먹다 → 먹기 (eating)
- 배우다 → 배우기 (learning)
- 운동하다 → 운동하기 (exercising)
✅ When to Use ~기
Use ~기 when you want to:
1. Talk about habits or preferences
- 저는 요리하기를 좋아해요.
(I like cooking.) - 운동하기는 어려워요.
(Exercising is difficult.)
2. Describe activities as general concepts
- 공부하기가 재미있어요.
(Studying is fun.) - 일찍 일어나기는 힘들어요.
(Waking up early is hard.)
3. List actions or goals
- 제 취미는 책 읽기, 영화 보기예요.
(My hobbies are reading books and watching movies.) - 목표는 한국어 배우기예요.
(My goal is learning Korean.)
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- Don’t confuse ~기 with ~는 것, which also nominalizes verbs.
~기 is often used for general concepts or routines, while ~는 것 is used more descriptively (e.g., “the thing that…”).
Summary Table
| Verb | Verb Stem | Noun Form (~기) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 가다 (to go) | 가 | 가기 | going |
| 먹다 (to eat) | 먹 | 먹기 | eating |
| 공부하다 (to study) | 공부하 | 공부하기 | studying |
| 자다 (to sleep) | 자 | 자기 | sleeping |
Final Tip
💡 If you can say “~ing” in English, try using ~기 in Korean.
💡 It’s especially useful when combining with 좋아하다, 싫어하다, 어렵다, 쉽다, and 재미있다.
